Though refined card games were played in Japan by the nobility since its early eras, they were not commonly used for gambling, or played by the lower classes. This changed, however, in the 18th year of Tenmon (A.D. 1549) when Saint Francisco Xavier landed in Japan. The crew of his ship had carried a set of Hombre (48-card Portuguese) playing cards from Europe, and card games became very popular among the Japanese. When Japan closed off all contact with the Western world in 1633, foreign playing cards were banned.
Since the banned card games had been highly popular, an unknown gamer designed a card game known as "Unsun Karuta". These cards were decorated with Chinese art, depicting such subjects as Chinese warriors, weaponry, armor, and dragons. This deck consisted of 75 cards, and was not as popular as the Western card games had been simply because of the difficulty of becoming familiar with the system.