For other uses of this term, see Gear (disambiguation).Gears or toothed wheels are positive type drives which are used to transmit motion between two shafts or a shaft and a component having linear motion, by meshing of two or more gears. They have advantage over other drives like chains, belts etc. in case of precision machines where a definite velocity ratio is of importance and also in case where the driver and the follower are in close proximity; on the contrary, gears are more expensive to manufacture and their operating cost is also relatively high.
Gears of differing size are often used in pairs for a mechanical advantage, allowing the torque of the driving gear to produce a larger torque in the driven gear at lower speed, or a smaller torque at higher speed. The larger gear is known as a wheel and the smaller as a pinion. This is the principle of the automobiletransmission, allowing selection between various mechanical advantages.
A gearbox is not an amplifier or a servomechanism. Conservation of energy requires that the amount of power delivered by the output gear or shaft will never exceed the power applied to the input gear, regardless of the gear ratio. Work equals the product of force and distance, therefore the small gear is required to run a longer distance and in the process is able to exert a larger twisting force or torque, than would have been the case if the gears were the same size. There is actually some loss of output power due to friction.
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